Reading Jonathan Sterne

Sound Signatures, Amsterdam 2013

Introduction

Eliminate redundancies!

Reduce bandwidth use!

Travel great distances frequently and with little effort!

Accumulate on the hard drives of the middle class!

Address a distracted listening subject!

Programme

Metaphors for Signals

Analog Signal Processing

Digital Signal Processing

Data as Imperative

Metaphors for Signals

Figuration

Metaphors

"Each metaphor elucidates, figures, or for that matter 'processes' a different aspect of what is at stake in audio signal processing. Each might nudge us in productive or problematic directions when thinking about the relationship of sound and media, or otherwise advance various agendas in sound scholarship."

(Sterne and Rodgers, 33)

Travel

Metaphors

productive problematic

Analog Signal Processing

Analog

Signal Processing

Diagram

Signal Processing

"On the one hand, the early modern university had relied so heavily on printed books in all their multilingual interrelations that the rather simultaneous emergence of technical, equally infallible construction drawings escaped its notice. Letters, ciphers, and diagrams in their threefold combination proved too alien for humanists. The combination, however, of type and woodcut or copperplate enabled scientific visualization at a level of precision unheard of by Greeks and monks."

(Kittler 248)

VCF

Signal Processing

Shapers

Signal Processing

"The language of the raw and the cooked also permeates discourses of sound synthesis, where processing again figures as an expression of creative control. An oscillator generates a sound that is called raw until it is run through filters, amplifiers, and other sound shapers."

(Sterne and Rodgers, 37)

Noise

Signal Processing

Phonograph

Signal Processing

The phonograph does not hear as do ears that have been trained immediately to filter voices, words, and sounds out of noise; it registers acoustic events as such. Articulateness becomes a second-order exception in a spectrum of noise.

(Kittler 23)

Digital Signal Processing

DSP

Signal Processing

Media Shift

Signal Processing

Analog Digital

Filter

Signal Processing

function(obj, iterator, context) {
  var results = [];
  if (obj == null) return results;
  each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
    if (iterator.call(context, value, index, list)) 
      results.push(value);
  });
  return results;
};

Compression

Signal Processing

An mp3 takes an existing CD-quality digital audio file and removes as much data content as possible, relying on listener's bodies and brains to make up the difference. For example, a three-minute stereo CD file takes up about 30 megabytes of disk space; a three-minute mp3 of average quality takes up 3 to 4 megabytes of disk space. This is accomplished through a variety of filters and processes.

(Sterne 832)

Frame

Signal Processing

Finally, the encodes assembles a 'serial bitstream' which contains header information and instructions for each frame. These instructions are for playback instructions are for playback programs and devices to ensure consistent playback.

(Sterne 833)

http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/8295/MPEG-Audio-Frame-Header

Data as Imperative

Imperatives

Data as Imperative

Eliminate redundancies!

Reduce bandwidth use!

Travel great distances frequently and with little effort!

Accumulate on the hard drives of the middle class!

Address a distracted listening subject!

Ubiquity

Data as Imperative

Our argument is grounded in the sonic register and its various electrical and digital transductions, but even if it is rarely named in some registers, signal processing is equally crucial to the experience of visual, olfactory, tactile, and culinary technologies.

(Sterne and Rodgers 33)

Numbers

Data as Imperative

With numbers everything goes. Modulation, transformation, synchronization; delay, storage, transposition; scrambling, scanning, mapping - a total media link on a digital base will erase the very concept of medium. Instead of wiring people and technologies, absolute knowledge will run as an endless loop.

(Kittler 2)

Napoleon

Data as Imperative

And a brilliant young student of all these technically applied mathematics, a certain Bonaparte, overran, equipped with Satan's heavy artillery, old Europe.

(Kittler 248)